Galileo Galilei
Galileo is
often called the founder of
modern science. He made many discoveries in astronomy and physics and he built telescopes to study space.
Galileo
Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. His father sent him to the university
to study medicine, but young Galileo was more interested in science and
mathematics.
Galileo made
one of his greatest discoveries as
he sat in a cathedral of Pisa. As he watched a chandelier swing back and forth
he noticed that longer
and shorter swings took the same time. This discovery became known as the law of the pendulum.
These and other important discoveries made him so well-known that Galileo
became a professor at the University of Pisa.
Galileo
often questioned scientific
facts of his age. For a
long time people thought that heavier objects fall to Earth faster than lighter
ones. By dropping objects of the same size but different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa Galileo showed that this wasn’t true.
In
1609 Galileo constructed his
first telescope. He used it to observe the
stars and the planets. He saw things that nobody had ever seen before. Galileo
discovered that the moon’s surface was not smooth and flat, like everyone
thought, but had a rough surface
and was full of craters.
In January
1610 Galileo discovered 4 moons revolving around
the Jupiter. They were named after him, the Galilean moons. These
observations proved that
not the Earth was the centre of the solar system, but the sun. It was a discovery that Copernicus had made 60 years earlier.
The Roman Catholic Church did not always like what
Galileo taught. It still believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe
and everything revolved around
it. The church ordered him not to teach such ideas any more.
In 1633
Galileo was brought before the Inquisition,
the Church’s court. It sentenced him
to life in prison because of his teachings. Galileo was put under house arrest
because he was old and not so healthy any more. He spent the last years of his
life in Florence, where he continued to work on his theories and even published a final book. He became blind and
died in 1642.
In 1992 Pope
John Paul II published a document that said the Church made a mistake by condemning Galileo.
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