Common acids
Mineral acids (inorganic acids)
- Hydrogen halides and their solutions: hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrobromic acid (HBr), hydroiodic acid (HI)
- Halogen oxoacids: hypochlorous acid (HClO), chlorous acid (HClO2), chloric acid (HClO3), perchloric acid (HClO4), and corresponding analogs for bromine and iodine
- Hypofluorous acid (HFO), the only known oxoacid for fluorine.
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
- Fluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6)
- Fluoroboric acid (HBF4)
- Hexafluorophosphoric acid (HPF6)
- Chromic acid (H2CrO4)
- Boric acid (H3BO3)
Sulfonic acids
A sulfonic acid has the general formula RS(=O)2–OH, where R is an organic radical.
- Methanesulfonic acid (or mesylic acid, CH3SO3H)
- Ethanesulfonic acid (or esylic acid, CH3CH2SO3H)
- Benzenesulfonic acid (or besylic acid, C6H5SO3H)
- p-Toluenesulfonic acid (or tosylic acid, CH3C6H4SO3H)
- Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (or triflic acid, CF3SO3H)
- Polystyrene sulfonic acid (sulfonated polystyrene, [CH2CH(C6H4)SO3H]n)
Carboxylic acids
A carboxylic acid has the general formula R-C(O)OH, where R is an organic radical. The carboxyl group -C(O)OH contains a carbonyl group, C=O, and a hydroxyl group, O-H.
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Citric acid (C6H8O7)
- Formic acid (HCOOH)
- Gluconic acid HOCH2-(CHOH)4-COOH
- Lactic acid (CH3-CHOH-COOH)
- Oxalic acid (HOOC-COOH)
- Tartaric acid (HOOC-CHOH-CHOH-COOH)
Halogenated carboxylic acids
Halogenation at alpha position increases acid strength, so that the following acids are all stronger than acetic acid.
Vinylogous carboxylic acids
Normal carboxylic acids are the direct union of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group. In vinylogous carboxylic acids, a carbon-carbon double bond separates the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.
Nucleic acids
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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